第二章 山巅之城一个救世主国家的起源（第13/13页）

最初的梦想不管是新世界的财富还是“山巅之城”，在1680年之后都已经改变。最初对于让土著人皈依的希望也被放弃。这还不是整个转变过程的终点。一个世纪之后，英国殖民地将会基于启蒙哲学和公民原则在这里建立一个全新的国家。至少简单来说，这些准则的诞生正是基于马里兰殖民地的宗教宽容、新英格兰殖民地建立“圣经之国”的雄心壮志，以及培根针对弗吉尼亚殖民地精英发起的挑战。这些都可能是原因，又都不完全是。在未来的日子里，在很大程度上，这个现代世界中最重要的公民国家将会被这些早年间形成的深刻的种族根基引导和制约。

注释：

[1]Records of the Virginia Company (RVC), Vol. III, 307-309.

[2]Yeardley to Sandys, June 7, 1620, RVC III 297-299;“Instructions to the Governor and Council of State in Virginia, ”June 24, 1621, RVC III, 469-473.

[3]“Letter to Governor and Council in Virginia, ”September 11, 1621, RVC, III, 504-505.

[4]T.S. Arthur and W.H. Carpenter, The History of Virginia from its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1858) 123.

[5]RVC, IV, 140, 145.

[6]Edward Waterhouse, A Declaration of the State of the Colony and. . . A Relation of the Barbarous Massacre (1622), RVC, III, 556-557.

[7]Waterhouse, Declaration, RVC, III, 557-558.

[8]Waterhouse, Declaration, RVC, III, 558.

[9]Relation of What Occurred Most Remarkable in the Missions of the Fathers of the Society ofJesus in New France in the Years 1647 and 1648 (Paris, 1649) 252.

[10]http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th century/maryland toleration.asp (November 10, 2009).

[11]Robert C. Winthrop, Life and Letters of John Winthrop (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1867) 5.

[12]William Bradford, History ofPlymouth Plantation (Boston, 1856) 90.

[13]Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, 78.

[14]Winthrop, Life and Letters ofJohn Winthrop, 19.

[15]Winthrop, Life and Letters ofJohn Winthrop, 184.

[16]Roger Williams, The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace (1644) 3;Winthrop, Life and Letters ofJohn Winthrop, 18.

[17]Thomas Hutchinson, History of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay(Boston: 1767).

[18]Thomas Wiggin to Sir John Cooke, November 19, 1632, in Winthrop, Life and Letters ofJohn Winthrop, 31.

[19]Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, 357; John Mason, A Brief History of the Pequot War (1736) 14; Winthrop, Life and Letters ofJohn Winthrop, 195.

[20]John Winthrop, General Considerations for the Plantation in New England, with an Answer to Several Objections, in Winthrop Papers (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1931) 2: 120.

[21]Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, 385-386.

[22]The full text is available in several edited editions, but can be read on-line at:http://www.history1700s.com/etext/html/blcrmmr.shtml (November 20, 2009).

[23]Berkeley quoted in Wilcomb E. Washburn, “Governor Berkeley and King Philip's War, ”New England Quarterly, 30:3 (September 1957): 363-377, esp. 366.

[24]Berkeley quoted in Warren M. Billings, Sir William Berkeley and the forging of colonial Virginia (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004) 236.

[25]This analysis of tobacco advertising is derived from Catherine Molineux, “Pleasures of the Smoke: ‘Black Virginians' in Georgian London's Tobacco Shops, ”William and Mary Quarterly, 2 (April 2007): 327-376.